Conversion for temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a collection of particles or objects. The molecules of a gas, liquid or solid are in constant motion. The motion increases with increasing temperature. At the lowest possible temperature (absolute zero) this motion comes to a standstill.

Temperature is measured according to the International System SI in degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K).

The unit Fahrenheit for temperature was defined in 1714 by the scientist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit.

He defined the lowest temperature he could create as the zero point. With a cold mixture of ice, water and ammonium hydroxide he achieved -17.78 °C (= 0° Fahrenheit).

Finally, the freezing point and boiling point of water were set as fixed points and divided into 180 scale divisions.
The normal body temperature of 37.7° Celsius is therefore around 100° Fahrenheit (99.86° Fahrenheit)

The following applies to converting a temperature TF (°F) to TC (°C):

TC = 5/9 (TF/°F - 32) * °C

In 1742, the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius defined the ice point of water as 0 °C and the vapor point as 100 °C. It was only later that the two values ​​were swapped, resulting in today's standard temperature scale in degrees Celsius.

The Kelvin scale goes back to the English physicist William Thomson, who was knighted as Lord Kelvin. In contrast to the Kelvin or Fahrenheit scale, the zero point is not defined by the properties of water or a salt mixture, but by absolute zero. There is no movement of particles at all. A temperature difference of 1K corresponds to a temperature difference of 1°C.

TC = (TK/K - 273.15) * °C

Temperature measurement in Fahrenheit (F) is mainly used in the USA, but also in England. Temperature measurement in Kelvin is used in science.

The Rankine scale has the zero point at absolute zero temperature and the scale intervals of the Fahrenheit scale. The absolute temperature based on Fahrenheit is called degrees Rankine (°Rank).

An outdated temperature scale is the Réaumur scale (°R).

The following fixed points correspond:
0 °C <=> 0 °R
100 °C <=> 80 °R